Twyla And Roberta Meet - 898 Words

Twyla and Roberta meet – which occurs at intervals that are not dated, but which take place many years apart. Each of the girls gets married, but Twyla remains in a lower middle-class existence – she gets married to a working-class man, a fireman – while Roberta accumulates a chauffeur, a fur coat and evening gowns, a house in a better suburb, and a husband who works as a IBM executive. Each time that the pair meet, Twyla is in some way rejected, just as her own mother was rejected by Roberta’s mother. If anything, this rejection intensifies over the years, as the class divide between the two stratifies and increases. However, there is one occasion when Twyla and Roberta do not battle along class lines: this takes place during their first meeting as fully-grown adults, when the two bump into each other a fancy supermarket (Twyla feels guilty for spending her husband’s hard-earned money there), and then go to lunch. This time, instead of fighting ove r class distinctions, the pair fight about something else: memory. Specifically, they argue about the memory of an employee at St. Bonaventure, a mute kitchen-worker named Maggie who was mocked by the older girls at â€Å"St. Bonnie’s,† and by Twyla and Roberta as well. Oddly, the two women cannot come to a consensus on a single memory – whether Maggie fell down in the orchard next to the orphanage (as Twyla claims), or whether she was pushed down by the older girls (as Roberta states that she was). Twyla finds it odd that RobertaShow MoreRelatedThe Differences Of Main Characters In Recitatif By Toni Morrison1043 Words   |  5 Pagesabandoned by their mothers. The main characters, Twyla and Roberta, are portrayed at different points in their life, ranging from when they were eight until their adulthood. Because of the situations with their mothers, Twyla and Roberta develop unhealthy senses of self-image and attempt to solve them with distractions. As time goe s by, their characteristics become vastly different because of their lifestyles and outlooks. Although Twyla and Roberta both struggled with mother issues, they developRead MoreOpera of Power: Recitatif by Toni Morrison1299 Words   |  6 Pagesrace. Twyla, the story’s narrator, and Roberta, a girl of the opposite race, are dumped at St. Bonaventure, a state home, by their mothers. Tossed and held together by the bond of abandonment, the girls form a friendship that carries them through their allotted time at St. Bonny’s. One day, the girls witness Maggie, the mute kitchen worker, fall in the apple orchard, as the older girls in the state home scorn Maggie. Dissonance arises in their separate memories of the event because Roberta remembersRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Recitatif1135 Words   |  5 Pagesconversations between Twyla and Roberta. The short story titled â€Å"Recifatif† is written by Toni Morrison. Morrison was born in 1931 in Ohio, and is known for writing novels with African American history involved. She has won a Nobel Prize for her work, and has written popular novels, such as The Bluest Eyes, Sula, Song of Solomon, Beloved, Jazz, Love, and A Mercy. â€Å"Ricifatif† is set during the time of racial segregation between the 1950’s and the 1980’s. Two 8 year olds meet in a shelter, as theirRead MoreRecitatif Critical Analysis1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe author goes into great detail to show this. Toni Morrison’s, Recitatif, is another piece of literature that explores race, sex, whiteness etc†¦ The two main characters, Twyla and Roberta face challenges with race and class. Toni Morrison is an African American lady who describes her struggles of her class/race through Twyla, a black character. Similarly, the author of Giovanni’s room was gay and describes his struggles as a homosexual African American through the main character, David. In manyRead MoreRecitatif: Toni Morrison Essay935 Words   |  4 PagesTwyla’s mother was â€Å"always dancing† as a stripper and Roberta’s mother was a well off business woman â€Å"who was always sick† (Morrison) as Roberta woul d say. In the time period of the story, it would have made sense that a black mother would not have had a good paying job as a business woman. Because of this, one would think that Twyla was the black child while Roberta was the white one. Also, both girls’ mothers come to visit St. Bonny’s one day. Morrison focuses on the interaction between the grownRead MoreTwyla and Roberta ´s Friendship in Toni Morrison’s Recititaf Essay679 Words   |  3 Pages The whirlwind relationship of Twyla Roberta. Friendships tend to change over time, for better or worse. This is illustrated in Toni Morrison’s short story Recititaf. The relationships of Twyla and Roberta are a rollercoaster from the moment they meet at the orphanage, to their confrontational meeting at the Howard Johnsons, to the picketing during segregation, until the end when they try and sort things out. OneRead MoreRacism : Friendship By Toni Morrison890 Words   |  4 PagesRecitatif focuses on one major character, Twyla, who was raised in an orphanage, not because her parents were dead, but because of her mother’s need to â€Å"dance all night† and the lack of care for Twyla. The fact of Twyla’s mother lacking parental skills was a key reason Twyla was brought up to be the racist girl she was. Twyla, identify her racism at a young age, does her best to overstep this aspect of her life to improve for only herself. In this story Twyla and Roberta’s friendship is characterizedRead Mo reRacism : Black Or White?949 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand her critique on racism: the color of a person’s skin does not matter. Throughout Recitatif Morrison never reveals Twyla s or Roberta’s race to the reader. However, what race they are can be debated, based on information Morrison gives in the story. For example, Roberta smells funny, can’t read, and has big hair. For a reader to come to a conclusion on what race they think Roberta was by those three attributes of her would mean the reader would be relying on stereotypes to help them come to theirRead MoreRecitatif Character Analysis1741 Words   |  7 Pageswritten in 1983. This story is about two woman, Twyla and Roberta, who first becomes friends in a shelter when they were young and share a problematic friendship from that point on. Throughout the story there are several moments of tension because of the black/white issue between the two girls. Morrison made sure these racial cues were not made obvious and it is up to the reader to place certain values of right and wrong on the woman. Twyla, the narrator of the story, was an eight-year-old girlRead MoreThe Identity Of Twyla And Roberta Essay1113 Words   |  5 Pagesexplores the relationship between Twyla and Roberta, and their experiences based on their racial differences. By decoding each characters racial identity, we can then understand how race defines a person’s status in society. In analyzing the social cues such as culture, politics and economic signs, to identify the racial identity of Twyla and Roberta. I believe that Twyla is the white character and Roberta the black character . During the course of the narrative Twyla describes her on and off again

Economic Effects of Diabetes on the Elderly - 1751 Words

Economic effects of diabetes on the elderly Diabetes has been described, by doctors, as a metabolic disease in which the patient has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body s cells do not respond properly to insulin. The overall management of diabetes for older adults would be the same as management for younger adults. Nutritional management is essential for older adults primarily to control malnutrition and the patient being underweight. For older adults, diabetes can not only be difficult for their overall health but also can cause financial hardship. I’ll discuss how Medicare and Medicaid help elevate some of the financial burden that†¦show more content†¦The idea is to give seniors a fixed value voucher and give them options while shopping for coverage in the private insurance market. The voucher system would help control health care cost by allowing seniors to shop for their coverage thus driving the insurance market to keep prices competitive and affordable for seniors. Health policy experts have concluded that if Medicare is to be saved for the next generation, small concessions must be made to allow the program to prosper into the future. Liberal groups argue that cutting entitlement programs such as Medicare may cause a health crisis to epidemic proportions. Liberal groups would rather raise taxes or end tax cuts for the wealthy in order to get the country’s economic crisis contained and Medicare Health policy experts have concluded that if cuts in Medicare occurs, many seniors may not receive basic healthcare. The notion that lawmakers would be asking seniors to tighten their belts while the Federal Government still gives huge tax breaks to millionaires and subsidies to oil companies is wrong and immoral. Critics of the voucher system warns that the system is flawed and would give more control to the insurance companies without supplying any guarantee that seniors could find a plan comparable to traditional Medicare. Replacing Medicare with vouchers for private insurance would shift costs to seniors and increase overall costs by allowing private insurance companies toShow MoreRelatedMalnutrition Among The Elderly : Malnutrition1681 Words   |  7 PagesMalnutrition in the Elderly The general objective of this research paper is to increase awareness about a mostly hidden epidemic among the elderly. Studies show one in every two older people are at risk for malnutrition. (Drewnowski Evans, 2001) Findings also show that hunger among the elderly is an enormous, far-reaching problem found in places across the globe, but the United States seems to be an unlikely place to find starvation where food is plentiful. Consequently, because of ineffectiveRead MoreThe Alcoholism And Substance Abuse978 Words   |  4 Pageshave a higher school dropout rate. Young adults to the elderly suffer from the misuse. â€Å"Though alcoholism and substance abuse rates are lowest among the elderly, access to habit-forming prescription drugs increases their risk of substance abuse† (Burkholder Nash, 2013, sec. 3.4.). There are many who suffer from unemployment, health issues, poor decisions etc. It is hard to become employed and to keep a job while under the influence. Diabetes , Liver disease, Heart disease and Kidney failure are onlyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Diabetes Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes 1. Illness or Symptoms: The most common symptoms are fatigue, having to urinate more than feeling thirsty, distorted vision, and dry mouth. Type 1 diabetes symptoms are rapidly noticed with more severe symptoms verses type 2 diabetes, which have symptoms that usually are not as noticeable and develop at a slower rate. 2. Patients: Patients who are over 45 are more likely to get diabetes; the older you get the more of a risk you have. If the patient has a family background of type 2 diabetesRead MoreMedicare Funding Crisis1692 Words   |  7 PagesDonnie Tatar University of Michigan HSM544: Health Policy and Economics As the newly appointed chief of staff I have been tasked with responding to a proposal for reducing Medicare expenditures by enrolling participants in HMO. I understand that we have some key questions must be addressed and that we must justify our position on either economic efficiency or equity grounds. Outlined below are some of the questions that must be answered in order address this issue properly. Is Medicare inRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Society1303 Words   |  6 PagesObesity and its Effects on Society ‘America is fat’, this statement repeated by numerous people in and out of healthcare profession and if someone don’t believe this statement, maybe the following statistic will change our mind. According to (CDC) Center for Diseases Control and prevention, obesity rate grew 65% between 1990 and 2002(Su). Still not convince? When most Americans read that statistics they have single question is ‘Why?’ How is the rate of obesity growing so fast? Is this the way weRead MoreGovernment Funding Is The Major Source Of Health Funding1376 Words   |  6 Pagesbudget impact and opportunity costs into consideration. BIA as an important part of comprehensive economic evaluation, assesses the impact of new interventions or drugs on national, regional or local health budget plan(41). Taking budget impact and opportunity costs into account will make the results more applicable to the reality. Country-specific CEA and subgroup Analysis are important Several economic evaluation studies applied UKPDS 34 to assess the cost-effectiveness in its domestic context suchRead MoreWeb of Diabetes Causation in the Elderly2549 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Web of Diabetes Causation in the Elderly Web of Diabetes Causation in the Elderly Introduction Epidemiology is the study of environmental and genetic influences on the prevalence of disease and injury (Rossignol, 2007, p. 1). Environmental influences include pollution, lifestyle choices, health care access, care quality, social factors, and workplace hazards. These and other factors help to determine geographic, social, and economic differences in health quality. Epidemiology is therefore theRead MoreThe Prevalence And Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesA. Statement of the Problem The prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes are increasing worldwide, particularly in devel-oping countries, in conjunction with increased obesity rates and westernization of lifestyle (In-zucchi et al., 2012). The economic burden for health care systems is skyrocketing, owing to the costs associated with treatment and diabetes complications. Type 2 diabetes remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disorders, blindness, end-stage renal failure, amputations, and hospitali-zationsRead MoreThe Retirement Of Elderly Today983 Words   |  4 PagesJun Hui Bae PHE 345U Jost Lottes 29 Nov. 2015 The Retirement of Elderly Today, the elders live longer than few decades ago. if the elderly age is before and today the same, today is a way healthier cause of development of medical. It means that elderly may work few more years after they retire and they should work longer because their drug bill is increasing. In fact, many workers are discovering that they are going to have to work longer than they originally anticipated - an adjustment that canRead MorePathophysiology And Pathophysiology Of Diabetes Mellitus Type 21474 Words   |  6 PagesPharmacology of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic condition that millions of people around the world suffer from. It is related to the hormone insulin, which is secreted by islet of Langerhans cells in the pancreas, it regulates the level of glucose in the bloodstream and supports the body with breaking down the glucose to be used as energy. When people have diabetes, the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or cells don’t respond to the insulin that is produced. Type 2 diabetes is one

History Essay Fascism and/or National Socialism

Question: Dietrich Bonhoeffer- What can a study of this persons life teach us about the nature and impact of fascism and/or national socialism? Answer: Introduction Bonhoeffer was born in Germany in the year of 1906 in a family that was not so religious but had a strong musical and artistic heritage. Throughout his life, Bonhoeffer showed great interest in music, and it became one of the most important parts of his life. However, at the age of 14, he announced that he wanted to train and become a priest. After that, he graduated from the University of Berlin and traveled to Spain and America where he was moved by the notion of Churchs participation in social injustice. In the year of 1931, he returned to Berlin and was ordained as a priest at an age of 25. The life after was not same for Bonhoeffer. The rise of Hitler in 1933 not only changed the life of Bonhoeffer but also changed entire Germany under the influence of Nazism and Fascism. This study will mainly focus on the nature and impact of Nazism that was influenced by the fascist theories of Italy, which affect the whole the life of Bonhoeffer until his death. Background to Fascism Fascism was a dictatorial movement that was established mostly in Italy and some other European countries to protest against the social and political changes that took place after the World War I. The primary goal of this movement was also to express reaction against the socialism and communism during that time. The name Fascism came from the fasces that was a prehistoric Roman symbol of authority including a bunch of rods and an ax. Benito Mussolini was the father of Fascism that he found on March 23, 1919. Nazism was another philosophy that was derived from Fascism and was used to rule Germany. Fascist Ideology and Nazism The neo-idealist philosopher, Giovanni Gentile, mainly founded fascist philosophy highlighted the relegation of the individual to a totalitarian state which will regulate all the aspects of national life. Fascism supported violence and promoted it as a creative force of the philosophy. The feature of Italian Fascism was to disregard the class struggle from history by using patriotism and the corporate state. Depending on the same philosophy, Nazism was developed under the shadow of totalitarian Fascist creed and strategies that were accomplished by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers Party from 1920-1945. Therefore, there not much difference between the Fascism and Nazism as both of the philosophies were related to each other and were build on same policies with same goals. Nature of Nazism After gaining power in Germany, Adolf Hitler turned the country into a fascist state where the economic system of the country remained capitalistic. However, the state used to play a significant role in managing the economy of the country. The government of Germany at that time forced the industrialists to produce the goods required by the Government. The Government personnel also set the price. Besides, Government also had the control to command workforces to move to where they were essential. The life of Bonhoeffer was change due to this Nazism in the country that created an impact on the lives of the people of Germany. While most of the Germany welcomed the election of Hitler, Bonhoeffer was the only person who raised his voice against it. He firmly understood that Hitler will not bring anything good for the country when a radio broadcast of him was cut off mid air as he was speaking against Hitler. Slowly but steadily Nazism gained so much control in the country that in the year of 1934, Hitler and the pop Puis XI signed a contract that stated the Government of the country will not interfere any religious events of decisions of the Church and the Church will not interfere in the politics of the country. As a result, the Church became weak and Bonhoeffer understood that it will not be easy to run any bold initiatives to oppose the Nazification of society with the help of the Church. During the same period, Hitler ceased the freedom to speak and protest abilities of the Germans. Most of the political administrations were debarred or became a part of Nazis. All elections both native and state were eradicated except the occasional referendum. People were allowed to have only that information related to fascist beliefs. In order to do this task and to promote fascism among the people of Germany, Joseph Goebbels kept a close check on the information that was delivered by the newspapers, magazines, books and radio broadcastings. Anything that tried to speak against Nazism or Hitler was either banned or eliminated. Impact of Nazism In spite several horrible experiences and stories of Nazism some historians believed that there was a little bit right in it. Most of the opponent parties joined hand with Hitler either for fear or prosperity. They got best houses, preferential treatments and superior jobs in the Government that gave them power over other people. Ordinary people at that time were also happy until 1939. The economic policies undertaken by Hitler and his associates provided a good life for ordinary people as the country was nurtured with full employment and security regarding finance. During that time, there was no poverty in Germany. The special program introduced by Hitler which was Strength through Joy (KdF) gave a lot of people fun and holidays. The movement called as Beauty of Work (SdA) allowed people to feel proud in what they were doing. Besides, transportation system was improved, new propagandas gave people hope and trust in Adolf Hitler gave the Germans a sense of security. However, some people absolutely rejected this atmosphere as The Nazis were a very male-dominated group. Their philosophy believed that women exist only as a child breeder and creator of the family. Job discrimination against women was encouraged. Even in the war, women were not permitted to take part. The life story of Bonhoeffer reflects the condition of protestors who stood against Hitler and his Nazi philosophy. Hitler used fear and horror for anyone who disapproved of their regime. All the trade unions were banned in 1933 with their offices closed; properties ceased and leaders were put in prison. Believers of Communism were either put into a concentration camp or were killed. Bonhoeffer was such a person who was prosecuted as he tried to oppose the Nazi beliefs and policies. However, Bonhoeffer is just an example as, during 1934-1945, nearly 300,000 men and women were sterilized. During the same period, nearly 85% of Germany's Gypsies were killed along with black people. Over 70 ,000 mentally people and over 5,000 mentally challenged children died as they were used as core subjects of Nazi experiments. The biggest effect of Nazism was World War started on 1st September, 1939 when Germany attacked Poland. It was the bloodiest war in human history as it killed almost 2.5% of world's total population. This period is also called as Holocaust that is considered as the biggest genocide in the history of humankind. During 1933 to 1945, almost six million Jews were killed along with homosexuals, Jehovah's witnesses and physically and mentally challenged people. Some of those people were taken to concentration camps where the able-bodied men were forced to do hard labor. Women, children and older people were killed by gas chambers. With little food and two hours of sleep, most of the people died due to Typhus, Typhoid, Dysentery and Tuberculosis. Even today, the effect Nazism haunts the people Germany as they are sometimes considered as racists and Neo-Nazis. As a result of the war, Germany lost 20% of its land. Most of the German living in those areas were either displaced or killed. Nearl y one million Germans lost their lives during the displacement. The war ended in 1945 with Hitler committing suicide along with his 40 hours wife Ema Brant; however, the effect of Nazism is still present in the Germany as they are still believed as descendants of Nazi Germany. Conclusion In the end, it is clear that in spite of some people tried to defend the post-war Nazi Germany for its property; the truth is entirely opposite. From the above study, it can be assumed that all the policies and rules implemented by Hitler for the people were only to gain their support and to distract them from the bigger picture. The Government of Germany under the rule of Adolf Hitler implemented employment but mostly in armed forces and its factories to build weapons. They were getting ready for the War and that is why they used this distraction of good policies. Some people who understood the situation such as Bonhoeffer were arrested and were murdered brutally later. This clearly indicates that in the name democracy the Nazi Germany was a country where Hitler had the right to say the final word without even getting any opinion or counter questions. Therefore, the effect of Nazism was so severe in Germany that even after 72 years of the, people of other countries cannot put their trust of German people. Bibliography Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude, and Mutlu Yuksel. "The long-term direct and external effects of Jewish Expulsions in Nazi Germany." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 3 (2015): 58-85. Assmann, Aleida. "Looking Away in Nazi Germany." In Empathy and its Limits, pp. 128-148. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. Bauer, Thomas K., Sebastian Braun, and Michael Kvasnicka. "The Economic Integration of Forced Migrants: Evidence for Post War Germany." The Economic Journal 123, no. 571 (2013): 998-1024. Birdsall, Carolyn. Nazi soundscapes: sound, technology and urban space in Germany, 1933-1945. Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.2012. Braun, Sebastian, and Toman Omar Mahmoud. "The employment effects of immigration: evidence from the mass arrival of German expellees in postwar Germany." The Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (2014): 69. Childers, Thomas. The Formation of the Nazi Constituency 1919-1933 (RLE Nazi Germany Holocaust). Routledge, Abington. 2014. Eley, Geoff. Nazism as Fascism: Violence, ideology, and the Ground of Consent in Germany 1930-1945. Routledge, Abington.. 2013. Friedlander, Saul. Nazi Germany And The Jews: The Years Of Persecution: 1933-1939. Hachette UK, 2014.